Propunere accepta R P Chineza

 

SEABUCKTHORNOLOGY A NEW INTERDISCIPLINARY SCIENCE IMPORTANT NOW IN ACTUAL HUMAN CRISES

by doctor engineer

ANGEL PROOROCU – Romania

When I was student, in 1982, at the Pomiculture Students Debating Society of the Faculty of Horticulture, our professor Cepoiu Nicolae told us about the new current in agricultural theory in Romania and also in the world: the introduction of some species from spontaneous flora in culture, one of them being sea buckthorn. Sea buckthorn is called I think most significant for an orthodox country by Romanian peasants “berries of the Holy Virgin”. I evaluated and from 2006, I am doctor in agricultural sciences with Doctorate Thesis “Studies about the importance of Hippophae rhamnoides L. for the environment and the economy of human health”. After years of personal research, studies and trips, when I worked in many domains, I had the honor to present in 2005, as associate professor of terminology and doctorand at Beijing the presentations “THE UTILIZATION OF THE SEA BUCKTHORN IN ROMANIA, PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE”, in 2009 at Belokuriha Russia “SEABUCKTHORNOLOGY A NEW INTERDISCIPLINARY SCIENCE AND ITS NECESSARY TERMINOLOGY”. In 2013 at Potsdam, I presented my visual work on poster “A SEABUCKTTORNOLOGY HANDBOOK FOR A NEW GLOBAL AGRICULTURAL INFORMATION AND PRACTICE CIRCUIT”. At the first Congresses of International Sea buckthorn Association were presented specialists from Bolivia, Canada, China, Estonia, Finland, Germany, India, Italy, Latvia, Romania, Russia and Ukraine. At the second Congress I, a Romanian agronomist, was honored to meet delegates from Azerbaijan, Bolivia, Canada, Korea, Finland, Germany, India, Italy, Japan, Latvia, Mongolia, Nepal, Nigeria, Mongolia, Pakistan, Russia, Sweden, Turkey, Ukraine and U.S.A. There were specialists from many countries under one flag, sea buckthorn a plant which means hundreds of years of plant arrangement architecture, research, experience, secrets, production, health of soil, health of animals and health of peoples also in a self-destructive human society of the third millennium. What displeased at those Conferences? The impossibility of put in orders all important and multidisciplinary information. There were involved specialists in: botanic, geology, marketing, medicine, biochemistry, agronomy, management etc. All of them need information. The solution is to be elaborating a statute of an interdisciplinary new science the subject being sea buckthorn and the most important, a multilingual data base alphabetically ordered accessible for anyone interested. In this case if we will consider a new scientific domain, the two congresses justified this, seabuckthornology, we will be able to delimitate the domain’s terminology. There are many domains which must be coordinated:  publicity, advertising, scientific research, legislation, sale market, there must be studied and put in practice positive effects for the environment, food industries, biopharmaceutics, animal breading, cosmetics, landscape, soil amelioration, air purification fruit production, melliferous, hedge, fruit-growing plantations, anti-soil erosion and landscape plantations, planting and exploitation technologies, planting material, technical and economic data base.

The study of history may be important: I have my theory based on real in time information  that in 1850 sea buckthorn implementation at works for assure to the Sulina Branch and town hydrological stability was with German and other countries interested projects. I think it is important to find these projects and plans, studding comparative actual situation in Danube Delta. If we don’t respect the past work of great specialists from everywhere the results are not the best. In my opinion it is a long-time influence of many countries riverain to Danube science and policy in actual Romania, Danube Delta and other zones may be interesting foreign specialists, as I presented, actual situation being a result of natural development but also of some works with multidisciplinary concepts, Danube being most important for Central Europe states in XIX-th Century way for naval transports. If it will be interest not with a great budget, we may make some documentations interesting because it was another manner of research and in actual times when there are used pollution and inert materials, we may rediscover possibilities to make many protective works with biological materials. The influence of animal and birds in seeds dissemination is also very interesting. Not at the last the contribution of Romanian agronomists and adjacent sciences must be used because sea buckthorn in the spirit of traditions was appreciated in amelioration in Delta and other sensibly zones.                Humanity is now in a profound crisis, the solution being a radical change of actual approach in all domains of activity. In this condition it is necessary to reconsider the importance of some species from spontaneous flora which may became important resources for the economy and environmental protection. In the entire world, the situation is also critical, at Rio de Janeiro and Paris there were global reunions against environmental modifications and the desertification. At Florence, Italy, was adopted The European Convention of the Landscape. Objectives are the protection of landscape, the management and arrangement and the organization of European co-operation in this domain.  Sea buckthorn may become a solution for the arrangement of landscape in regions which are now the subject of desertification, salinity a. s. o.

The production of fruits being a resource of food and medical industry development. All the aspects of sea buckthorn utilization in actual conditions in Romania were presented in 2006, in my Doctorate Thesis: “Studies about the importance of sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) in the environmental protection and human health economy”. Its importance in actual climacterically conditions is because this plant is fixing lands which are most degraded (has many suckers), assimilate atmospherically nitrogen directly by roots (has an ameliorative effect to the soil). The fruit contains a lot of vitamins, 2 x vitamin C like hip roses, carotene, citric acid etc. The oil contains E vitamin which is revitalizing the human organism, near vitamins P, B1, B2, A, K, F ( F vitamin defend cells of cancer and irradiation), there are also 15 microelements Fe, Mn, B, Al, K, F, Ti etc. From fruits it is possible to obtain many products in feeding: juice, vine, jam (with cherry, apples and plums), butter etc. All products are very rich in vitamins. In pharmaceutics it may be used in cosmetics, many treatments and for burned and irradiated tissues. In the feeding of domestic animals, it is very good, the hair of dogs, cats, and horses, the quality of eggs, the immunity of all of them is better if there is introduced in their feeding some products made from sea buckthorn, sometimes it is used the rest of biological material after the extraction of some interest principles.  Plants of Hippophae rhamnoides L. are valuable like decorative plants; their green-white color is in contrast with the orange of flowers and fruits.

Since the beginning of the industrial revolution, atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide have increased nearly 30%, methane concentrations have more than doubled, and nitrous oxide concentrations have risen by about 15%. These increases have enhanced the heat-trapping capability of the earth’s atmosphere. Sulfate aerosols, a common air pollutant, cool the atmosphere by reflecting light back into space; however, sulfates are short-lived in the atmosphere and vary regionally.

1.      SEA BUCKTHORN IMPORTANCE IN CONDITIONS OF HUMAN HEALTH DEGRADATION

The new civilization means stress, untidy life, eye disabilities, artificial feeding, synthetically drugs, foods, drinks and vitamins. Sea buckthorn is called by the Romanian peasants in Buzau County “berries of the Holy Virgin”. Romanian people used from hundreds of years the fruits for the treatment of anemia, diarrhea, rheumatism and rash. From fruits they obtained many products in feeding: juice, vine, jam (with cherry, apples and plums), butter etc., they used it as textile colorant. In Romanian “Medicinal and Aromatic Plants from A to Z” guide book, the two appreciate specialists Ovidiu Bojor and Mircea Alexan recommend sea buckthorn as vitamin complex ( C, B1, B2, PP) carotenes, folic acid, oil, izoramnethol, phytosterol. Recommended in avitaminoses Fructus Hippophae in combination with Fructus Cynosbati (hip rose), Folium Urticae (stinging nettle), gooseberry, Folium Menthae (mint), Folium Rubi idaei (raspberry) and Folium Primulae (cowslip), infusion, cooling drinks, syrups, gout as reach in vitamins and diuretic, pneumonia in combination with colt’s foot, linden tree, hyssop, cowslip, savory, elder tree, rickets  Fructus Cynosbati (hip rose), Fructus Hippophae, Folium Primulae (cowslip), Folium Melissae (balm mint), adjuvant in pulmonary tuberculosis in winter and spring for vitamins with Fructus Cynosbati (hip rose), Folium Urticae (stinging nettle), Folium Primulae (cowslip), uremia in combination with diabetes Folium Betulae (birch tree), Folium Myrtilli (bilberry) and Herba galegae (goat’s rue), xerophthalmia  in combination with Fructus Cynosbati (hip rose), Folium Urticae (stinging nettle), Flores Tagetes (marigold) and Fructus Myrtilli (bilberry).

2.      MODEL, THE SCIENCE OF VITICULTURE

Viticulture (from the Latin word for vine) refers to the cultivation of grapes, often for use in the production of wine. When the grapes are used for winemaking, it is also known as viniculture. It is one branch of the science of horticulture. Viticulture is the science, production and study of grapes which deals with the series of events that occur in the vineyard. Grapes are grown for fresh fruit, dried fruit or for the grape juice, which can be used (amongst others) to produce wine. Duties of the Viticulturalist include: monitoring and controlling pests and diseases, fertilizing, irrigating, canopy management, monitoring fruit development and characteristics, deciding when to harvest and vine pruning during the winter months. Viticulturalists are often intimately involved with winemakers, because vineyard management and the resulting grape characteristics, provide the basis from which winemaking can begin. Viticulture is an example of scientifically approach of a millenary human occupation with social, economic, habitual and ethnical aspects. Vitis vinifera is a plant which changed the destiny of millions of people in their millenary existence. Viticulture is the basically occupation in Romania Cotnari, Husi, Panciu in Moldavia, Dragasani, Dealu Mare, in Muntenia, Niculitel and Murfatlar in Dobrogea, Pecica, Tarnave in Transylvania, France, Champagne, Portugal Porto a. s. o. It develops activities in aval: viticulture machines and implements, grape refrigeration, vinification industry apparatuses. Philoxera is an example of the importance of research activity in the maintenance of a millenary occupation. In France in 1863 cultures were destroyed. In Romania for example there were grafting centers at Tintea (Prahova County), Strehaia (Mehedinti County),  Ceda (Arad County), Petresti (Vrancea County), in this mode appears a mosaic of varieties Cabernet Sauvignon, Muscat Ottonel, Riesling, Traminer, Sauvignon, Chasselas, Afuz Ali, Muscat de Hamburg a. s. o. In post-philoxerical period, in 1937 was founded The Agricultural Research Institute where professor I.C. Teodorescu leads section of horticulture, he was the promoter for the introduction of scientifically and technical progress in Romanian viticol production. Vine is with people at birth, marriage and death ceremonies. Seams to interrupt the ascension of the greatest conqueror of the history, Macedonian Alexander the Greatest, creation of E.A. Poe, J. London a. s. o. Political and social effects were in the period of prohibition, the illicit commerce won all public order measures, this period being the modern source of power and fortune. Sea buckthorn is a plant which may be utilized in alcohol production but there are many positive aspects incomparable with vine in actual condition.

3.      SEABUCKTHORNOLOGY, A NECESITY OF MODERN TIMES

In Romania, Popescu M., colab. – “Pomicultura generală şi special” Editura Didactică şi Pedagogică 1982 is the first manual of pomiculture which contains a capitol dedicated to the technology of the culture of sea buckthorn by professor Victor Cireasa from Iasi Agricultural Institute who was the promoter of the culture and study of sea buckthorn in Romania. Lupe Z. Ioan, Grigorescu Emanoil, Brad Ion, Cireasa Victor, Manea Stefan are some of Romanian specialists in forestry, horticulture, medicine, bio-chemistry with many studies and applications of sea buckthorn as we can see in the summary attached bibliography.  Seabuckthornology may be the science of the study of the biology of sea buckthorn and the rational and economical mode of the culture of this plant for the soil recovery and human and animal medicine and feeding. The new science may be studied in special schools of agriculture, manuals will be improved and technologies will be perfected. There will be necessary to be established the terminology and scientifically branches which are involved in the new science theory like: biology, botanic, agrotehnics, food industry, a. s. o. It will be possible in the computers and e-mail era to be recuperated thousands of years of unused at a global level of this plant. Experience of Chinese, Tibetan, Russian, German, Romanian people will be easy to be formulate in unitary manual of the general presentation, special Seabuckthornology may be made under the scope of culture, environmental plantation, fruits plantations, landscape architecture, forestry a. s. o. Special Seabuckthornology manuals will be made also for every country and region because there will be necessary the special aspects characterizing the local experience, traditions, technologies a.s.o.  It will be necessary to be used the experience and models created in time in viticulture, now it will be easy because there are modern modalities of circulation of information, data base accumulation. Simulative will be economical interests but also the important will be the sea buckthorn role of panacea for the soil, the air and human and animal beings in actual conditions on the Earth. There are principal domains where the sea buckthorn must be introduced artificially, in postmodern era recuperating the negative role of modern technologies, modern conceptions and interests. If we consider Jawaharlal Nehru’s idea, that actual world situation is the result of the European domination in ancient social economic and military development; maybe sea buckthorn could have had another position in the history of plant utilizations.

Fig. 1 Sea buckthorn area from Illustrierte Flora von Mittel - Europa von Dr. Gustav Hegi Munchen J.F. Lehmanns Verlag 1926

4.      FOOD INDUSTRY

Sea buckthorn is used in the composition of juice, tonic vine, jam (with cherry, apples and plums), butter etc. All products are very rich in vitamins. There are recommended to people with disabilities and sickness, mothers who are suckling children. In some countries sea buckthorn is used like conserving and sauce for fish cooks. It is melliferous specie and it is interesting to be evaluating the importance of pick-up from sea buckthorn flowers in the composition of honey. For example, Romanian experience may be reconsidered and in research programs in this case we may obtain natural gamma of vines, vinegar, jams, marmalades, potato mash, juice and sweetness. Sea buckthorn is also a natural conserving.

5.       FITOPHARMACEUTICS                  

            In Romania, sea buckthorn fruit oil the active principia is extracted through an original proceeding being a natural food concentrate. Liposolubil components of the sea buckthorn oil represent a polivitaminic complex with regenerating action for the cellular metabolism. Active principia contained are, in principal ß- carotenes, vitamins D, E, F, K, therefore all liposolubil vitamins, also o series de polifenolic products strong anti-infectious. Also contains lecithin in easy assimilability forms (calcium and magnesium salts), unsaturated feet-acids like ß-linolic acid as precursor of a lot of organic enzymes. It is general tonifiant, antianemic, vitaminizant; imunomodulator; synergic action with interferon; contribution for the syntheses  of proteins raw-material for interferon; coronaries protector; antiaterosclerotic; slowing down the process of ageing by consumption of undesirable free radicals; detoxifying the liver and assure the trophic  function for the hepatic cell; anticancerigen by the great contain of ß-carotene; in extern administration good for cicatrizing, dermoregenerator effect, anti-inflammatory, nutritive; excellent protector against solar radiations or de other nature. Prophylactic: slowing down the process of ageing and anticancerigen, tonic general in stress situations, imunomodulator. Adjuvant:  intern treatment of some dermatological affections (psoriasis, LED cutanate forms), ORL affections with component atrophic and inflammatory, cardio-vascular affections being a good coronaries protector affections ale digestive system. Active in chronic hepatitis, uro-genital affections, neurological psychical affections, antianemic, excellent role in slowing down of some ocular affections (hemeralopia, presbytism, keratomalacie, myopia, astigmatism, hipermetropy, glaucoma, cataracts) being rich in ß - carotenes. Extern use: local treatment of eczema, thermal and chemical burns, chilblains, alergodermias, psoriasis, lent recovery wound. It is the only natural product recognised for the activity of protection against solar radiations or other nature. Cosmetically use:  antirid and nutritive creams, gels and lotions of protection and maintenance for all kinds of skin. S.C. CCPPM Plantavorel S.A. Piatra Neamt, continued the traditions of Vorel pharmacist family which in 1880’s initiate Green Pharmacy, in 1942 produced 120 products. In 1948 it was nationalized. In 1983 Plantavorel Laboratory initiates new research and production in utilization of Romanian “Green Gold’. Now there are sea buckthorn homologated products “Cevisol”, natural dietetic and food supplement extract of fruits. Tonic general, for children, convalescents, intellectual and physical effort. “Vorisol granule” natural dietetic and food supplement extract of fruit extracts of Hippophae rhamnoides and Rosa species. Granules may be used also like tea, 2 spoons at 100 ml. water. There is “Hebe radix” protection cream extracts of sea buckthorn, marigold and blackwort, volatile oil of mint, excipients, conservants. Recommend in solar and thermo burns, contact dermatitis, etc. Research programs recommend plants from “Curvature Carpathians” as optimal for pharmaceutical products.

6.      ANIMAL BREEDING

Fig. 2 Fruits of sea buckthorn are bird’s favorite food the seeds being dispersed at long distances

(Foto Proorocu Valentin George 2005)

The effect of an antierosional, forest, pomicol or hedge culture is the utilization of fruits by animals and birds in there feeding. Also, the animals and birds are important in its natural extension. In Danube Delta the diversity of sea buckthorn is motivated by the ways of migration birds.

In 1989 in Romania was elaborated “Polivitarom” from sea buckthorn fruits powder or granules. It has a good effect in the growth of chicken, hens, rabbits and pigs. For fur animals the powder or oil of sea buckthorn introduced in feeding, make them to shine, this being one of the meanings of plants name.

7.      COSMETICS

             Sea buckthorn is important in the composition of cosmetics. Sea Buckthorn oil has multiple benefits in the area of restorative and anti-aging skin care. Natural antioxidants and essential fatty acids help reverse damaging effects of sun radiation and minimize long term effects of sun exposure, like wrinkles, dryness, dark spots reduce skin inflammation, promote natural skin restorative processes. The oil is well tolerated by any type of skin and provides long term anti-inflammatory, restorative and revitalizing action.

8.      LANDSCAPE ARHITECTURE

Sea buckthorn is present in all manuals of peisage architecture. The yellow orange colour of flowers and fruits is in a very nice contrast with the silver color of leaf. It is present all the year and assures a self-protection and protect areas with its spines. In interior arrangements colors and persistence assure the presence in many floral or plant arrangements.

9.      FORESTRY

Fig. 3. Plants of sea buckthorn cover in short time the zone of habitat (Foto Proorocu Angel 2003)

Romania has many natural resources in all domains of agriculture like hundreds of years in forestry, but we are isolated, due to many causes, principals of them being corruption and the precarious management. This makes now sea buckthorn a solution like in China for the rehabilitation of soil, also a resource for the development of production of derivates. In Danube Delta a research program on 1450 ha. and other surfaces demonstrate the capacity of the plant to be utilized in soil erosion protection. Actual situation needs thousand of environmental plantations, possibilities of rehabilitation are certified.

 10. LAND IMPROVEMENTS

Sea buckthorn is very appreciated because it covers in a short period of time only or in participation with other species accident lands, river abrupt banks, see shores, coasts and cliffs. It is in symbiotically relation with Frankia sp. The effect in humus formation and vegetal cover is very rapid. It is pioneer specie. After the remake fertile soil it migrates to unfertile zones, being replaced by other pretentious species. In combination with works of consolidation of erosion or accident zones it is recommended together with some other species.

Fig. 4 Nodules on roots of sea buckthorn demonstrate the symbiosis relation with Frankia sp.

(Foto Proorocu Angel 2003)

 

Fig. 5 On roots of sea buckthorn appears many suckers

(Foto Proorocu Angel 2003)

Fig. 6 In 2005 at Beijing were specialists from many countries under one flag, sea buckthorn a plant which means hundreds of years of plant arrangement architecture, research, experience, secrets, production, health of soil, health of animals and health of peoples in a self-destructive human society of the third millennium.

Conclusion: After the model of viticulture many years ago, in modern conditions seabuckthornology may be a solution to actual crises of humanity. Important is the motivation and to put in first place the necessity of making something useful for the Earth and human beings!

BIBLIOGRAPHY:

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2.      Berca M. - Ecologie generală şi protecţia mediului Editura Ceres 2000.

3.      Bojor O., Alexan M.-Plantele medicinale şi aromatice de la A la Z Editura Recoop, Bucureşti Ed. I –VI 1982 – 1999

4.      Brad I., colab. – Cătina albă – o farmacie într-o plantă Ed. Tehnică 2002.

5.      Ciocârlan Vasile – Flora ilustrată a României Editura Ceres 1988

6.      Cireaşă V., Năstase M. - Cercetări privind comportarea arbustului fructifer Hippophae rhamnoides în vederea introducerii acestuia în cultură Lucrări ştiinţifice I.A.N.B. vol. II, Bucureşti, 1979

7.      Constantinescu C. - Plantele medicinale din flora spontană, Recoop 1973

8.      Duţă V. - Medicina naturistă Editura Lumina Lex 2003

9.      Filipescu C. - Marea Enciclopedie Agricolă vol. I Bucureşti 1937

10.   Haralamb A. - Cultura arbuştilor fructiferi Editura Agrosilvică 1969

11.   Istudor Viorica - Farmacognozie, fitochimie, fitoterapie Editura Medicală Bucureşti 2001

12.   Lupe I. Z. - Perdele forestiere de protecţie şi cultivarea lor în câmpiile din România Editura Academiei R.P.R. 1952

13.   Manea Şt. Cătina şi uleiul de cătină, aliment, miracol, sănătate, echilibru S. C. Tridona S.R.L.

14.   Mihescu G. - Fructele în alimentaţie, bioterapie şi cosmetică Editura Ceres 1994

15.   Mocanu St. colab. - Plantele medicinale, tezaur natural în terapeutică Editura Militară 1986

16.   Mohanu Gh. Tratarea bolilor cu plante medicinale Editura Corint Bucureşti 2003

17.   Negruiu F. - Spaţii verzi Editura Didactică şi Pedagogică 1980

18.   Negulescu E.G., colab. - Dendrologia Editura Agrosilvică 1965

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21.   Popescu M., colab. - Pomicultura generală şi specială Editura Didactică şi Pedagogică 1982

22.   Proorocu A. Angel “The utilization of the sea buckthorn in Romania, past, present and future” 2005 Beijing;

23.   Proorocu A. Angel “Seabuckthornology a new interdisciplinary science and its necessary terminology” Belokuriha Russia 2009;

24.   Proorocu A. Angel “A Seabuckthornology handbook for a new global agricultural  informatical and practice circuit” Potsdam 2013-poster presentation;

25.   Proorocu A. Terminology in the circuit of agricultural information from and to Romania Paris 2000

26.   Proorocu A. Folosirea cătinei albe (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) pe terenurile degradate din România Universitatea de Ştiinţe Agricole şi Medicină Veterinară - Bucureşti – 2000.

27.   Proorocu A.  Importanţa cătinei albe (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) pentru protecţia mediului,  Agricultorul român, anul VII, nr. 3 (75), March 2005, pages. 26 -27.

28.   Proorocu A. Studies about the importance of sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) in the environmental protection and human health economy Universitatea de Ştiinţe Agricole şi Medicină Veterinară - Bucureşti – 2006 Doctorate thesis.

29.   Rovenţa I. Peisajele sănătăţii – plantele medicinale în decorul parcurilor şi grădinilor Editura RECOOP Bucureşti 1975

30.   Sansavini S. -  Fruticultura alternativa con le specie minori Edagricole 1995 Bologna.

31.   Sonea V. Palade L. Iliescu A. F. - Arboricultura ornamentală şi arhitectura peisageră, Editura Didactică şi Pedagogică Bucureşti 1979.

32.   Traci C., Mănescu M., Drăguţ N. - Împădurirea nisipurilor din Delta Dunării - tehnologii Redacţia de Propagandă Tehnică Agricolă

33.   Illustrierte Flora von Mittel-Europa von Dr. Gustav Hegi Munchen J.F. Lehmanns Verlag 1926

34.   Carte de la Végétation naturelle des Etats Membres des Communautés Européennes et Conseil de l’Europe – Office des Publications Officielles des Communautés Européennes L 2895 Luxembourg

35.   Angel PROOROCU Scientific Papers Series Management , Economic Engineering in Agriculture and Rural Development Vol. 13 , Issue 1, 2013 PRINT ISSN 2284-7995 , E-ISSN 2285-3952321 THE UTILIZATION OF THE SEA BUCKTHORN IN ROMANIA, PAST,PRESENT AND FUTURE

36.   Angel A. PROOROCU Scientific Papers Series Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and Rural Development Vol. 24, Issue 4, 2024 PRINT ISSN 2284-7995, E-ISSN 2285-3952 707 SEA BUCKTHORN "HIPPOPHAE RHAMNOIDES L." - BIOLOGICAL, ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL IMPORTANCE IN ROMANIA AND NOT ONLY University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Bucharest, 59 Marasti Blvd, District 1, 011464, Bucharest Romania, E-mail: proorocuan@yahoo.com

Keywords: Seabuckthornology, viticulture, terminology, land improvements, remedy, cure, Romanian contribution, scientific and commercial information.